Analytic treatments of the concept of indoctrination have fallen roughly into one of three categories: These accounts all result in a particular picture of indoctrination: the indoctrinated student has beliefs that have not been subjected to rational scrutiny; critical thinking did not play a role in the adoption of these beliefs. What is Philosophy? All such proposed aims require careful articulation and defense, and all have been subjected to sustained criticism. Postmodernism WebThe term "progressive education" refers to the education principles proposed in the late 19th century by John Dewey. It was born out of the Others object to these categories in the first place. These three critical movements are neither internally univocal nor unproblematically combinable; what follows is therefore oversimplified. The Essay Writing ExpertsUK Essay Experts. It also looks at the presuppositions and arguments behind various educational theories. My research project will adopt constructivism-interpretivism instead of post positivism. One example would be the question as to whether abortion is right or wrong. How do we defend favoring one culture's notions of justice or right and wrong over another's? Is the freedom of students rightly curtailed by the state? Acting on the basis of expected consequences is being pragmatic; acting on the basis of ideals is not. But it can also be asked whether private schools should enjoy more authority with respect to curricular matters than public schools do, particularly in cases where they receive state subsidies of one form or another. WebHailey Coleman Mrs. It is common to evaluate the success of both teachers and students with high-stakes standardized tests. Which model of the mind is most appropriate? WebThe disadvantage about empiricism is that it ignores anything that cannot be scientifically proven. The first philosophers were also known as the Presocratics. Considering the method by which educators transmit beliefsprecluding students from engaging critically with these beliefs, by way of asking questions or demanding reasons; WebThere are a number of basic philosophical problems and tasks that have occupied philosophers of education throughout the history of the subject. Philosophers will ask, seek answers, and argue the answers to the questions they are seeking the truth for. WebThe teaching philosophy should be one of facilitation and interaction in order to allow for the construction of own understanding and meaning. Looking back through history helps better show what the philosophers thought during the time period in which they lived. These accounts generally agree that critical thinkers share at least the following two characteristics: We see again a resistance to the kind of moral absolutism or imperialism that some think necessary to justify teaching any one particular set of values to students, and again we see concerns regarding indoctrination:are attempts to teach students to think effectively about moral issues tacit forms of proselytization? Proponents of constructivism-interpretivism emphasize the goal of understanding the lived experiences (Erlebnis) from the point of view of those who live it day to day (Schwandt, 1994, 2000). On the other hand, Dewey and many other psychologists and educators have held that learning is most effective when students take an active part in their educations, engaging in self-directed discovery and learning. WebRestricts ideas Some forms of education blindly impose ideas upon young minds instead of teaching them to think for themselves. And gleaned explanations on peoples views, behaviour, actions and beliefs as culturally, socially and historically informed. This position holds that human intellectual mechanisms are flawed and that lifes phenomena are basically intractable, and therefore, one can never fully capture a true reality. Pragmatism is about what you do and why you do it. All work is written to order. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. The knowledge is based on careful observation and measurement of the objective reality that exist in the world. This will involve seeking constant guidance from the supervision term when in doubt on how to interpret findings. The constructivist position espouses a hermeneutical approach, which maintains that meaning is hidden and must be brought to the surface through deep reflection (see Schwandt, 2000; Sciarra, 1999). Should schools encourage students to be reflective and critical generallyas urged by the American philosophers Israel Scheffler and Amy Gutmann, following Socrates and the tradition he establishedor should they refrain from encouraging students to subject their own ways of life to critical scrutiny, as the American political scientist William Galston has recommended? Does a proper education tend to instill certain virtuessuch as honesty and patienceor to reveal important moral standards and principles? They were called this because they were in a time period before Socrates was born. social constructivism alongside post positivism In this discussion the merits and demerits of each philosophy, are given along side the research strategies associated with each as well as the rationale for adapting social constructivism. Overview He argued that this would allow students to connect their learning to the outside world and better understand the implications of their studies. Positivism and post positivism serve as the primary foundation and anchor for quantitative research. Each of those required me to peer deeper into things like religion, politics, morality, peacefulness, language, and many other topics. Beyond this basic agreement lie a host of contentious issues. Webdewey stated this process begins unconsciously almost at birth, and is continually shaping the individuals powers, saturating his consciousness, forming his habits, training his ideas, and arousing his feelings and emotions. (vol.54 p.77) he believed that the set-up of schools should be designed and taught around the real-life and occupational The ensuing discussion explains why: The methodology to be used for the research will be influenced by social constructivism which is often in combination with interpretivism (Mertens 1998, Bryman 2008) because its underpinnings are appropriate to act in response to the leadership in Risxcel. philosophy of education, can directly or indirectly affect learning process and success of a student [17]. Philosophy is as strong as science, philosophy can do alot of contribution to your understanding of reality in a subjective way and life itself, it Some argue that a show of equal respect involves treating alternative worldviews as uniformly legitimate; others maintain that we should approach these worldviews and our own with a critical eye, and that respect doesn't preclude us from judging particular beliefs as false, or particular values as incomplete. In Encyclopaedia Britannica. For example, questions of metaphysics (e.g.,how are 'groups"to be individuated and understood? That in and Overview This can be a daunting task, but it can also be liberating. It is how the laws are made and it is the model used to determine what is considered acceptable behavior or morally right and wrong. ), and psychology (e.g.,do IQ tests discriminate against members of certain minority groups?) The college entrance exam or a payable job will not be the only future life. It becomes paramount for post-positivists the development of numeric measures of observations and the study of the behaviour for individuals (Creswell 2009). Ediger, Marlow. If we can answer the question of what to teach, we should still wonder how students should be taught. Is our Western notion of rationality sufficiently neutral to justify its place in pedagogy, or are there other valuable alternatives being overlookedundervalued types of thinking sometimes associated with other groups, such as women, nonwhites, and non-Westerners? Both perspectives emphasize cause- effect linkages of phenomena that can be studied, identified, and generalized, and both paradigms proffer an objective, detached researcher role. Is the freedom of students rightly curtailed by the state? One of the tasks of the philosophy of education, accordingly, has been the elucidation of key educational concepts, including the concept of education itself, as well as related concepts such as teaching, learning, schooling, child rearing, and indoctrination. With philosophy, we can remove our dogmatic assertions and adopt a bigger but less certain perspective of things. Such questions raise doubts about all general theoriesof philosophy, education, or anything elseby suggesting that all such 'grand narratives"arise in particular historical circumstances and thus inevitably reflect the worldviews, values, and interests of the groups that happen to be dominant in those circumstances. Philosophy is arguably the key to how humans have learned to create what society has become today. Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. What justifies the state in compelling children to attend school? By the 1970's the influence of analytic philosophy on philosophy of education had begun to wane, and feminist, multiculturalist, and postmodern critiques of education and educational theory became more prevalent. What is the place of schools in a just or democratic society? Are these tests racially discriminatory? Only through this interaction can deeper meaning be uncovered. In spite of the above acknowledged problems related with its utilization, the research project on leadership at Risxcel will utilise qualitative research due to the nature of the topic as well as my philosophical worldview position. Irvine agrees with this notion; udging philosophical assumptions that a philosophy is useful if it fosters productive living and enhances our lives (Engler, 2009) -- perhaps what truly matters is simply the usefulness of these personality theories and that these theories attempt to make sense of the world in one way or another, regardless of their theoretical orientations, strengths and limitations. At least in the early stages of development (and perhaps in the later stages too), students lack the cognitive capacities to challenge, evaluate, or critically consider that which they are taught. They argue that we should also place importance on emotional connection, sensitivity to others, compassion, and intuition, all of which are skills exercised in the private spheres of home and family. In this instance, qualitative research will enable me to explore the Risxcels leadership styles within a given context in detail. Therefore, it influences people to understand the importance of staying together. What is the place of schools in a just or democratic society? The answer to this question, as to the others raised above, may depend in part on the status of the particular school as public (state-supported) or private. Critical responses to these challenges have been many and varied; one of the most notable consists of pointing out the apparent inconsistency involved in claiming that, as a general matter, general accounts of education, justice, and the like are impossible. Such views will be extracted from CEO, managers and staff as the researcher visits the context and seek an understanding of leadership styles prevailing at Risxcel, however such an understanding can only be made possible by seeking the views and perceived experiences of those working on leadership positions at the college. Philosophers of education generally agree that instilling critical thinking skills and rationality in students should be an aim of education, if nottheaim. In academic philosophy: Realism is the position that stuff actually exists independent of your perspective. As Creswell (1998: 17) comments, one must select qualitative research over quantitative research when the topic needs to provide a detailed view because the wide -angel lens or the distant panoramic shot will not suffice to present answers to the problem , or the close up view does not exist. These views in some ways challenge philosophy generally, and so a thorough treatment of these criticisms would involve issues in ethics, epistemology, philosophy of politics, and theories of meaning and truth, to name a few. . 1,There are infinite answers to everything 2,Everything is correct 3,all are possible options 4,if you try to figure something out, your just lead (2007). In the United States, the issue of legitimate authority has been raised recently in connection with the practice of standardized testing, which some critics believe discriminates against the children of some racial, cultural, religious, or ethnic groups (because the test questions rely, implicitly or explicitly, on various culturally specific cues or assumptions that members of some groups may not understand or accept). Following is a partial list, with references for further reading. This I now have a 4-month-old baby boy and 2 years left in completing my elementary education degree and I am so excited to be able to have my Although this clarificatory task has sometimes been pursued overzealouslyespecially during the period of so-called ordinary language analysis in the 1960s and 70s, when much work in the field seemed to lose sight of the basic normative issues to which these concepts were relevantit remains the case that work in the philosophy of education, as in other areas of philosophy, must rely at least in part on conceptual clarification. Is there something intrinsically bad about indoctrination, or is it held in disfavor only because of its general tendency to produce bad results? WebIntroduction. ), and other areas of philosophy, social science, and law. However to counter, this in the research project, reflexivity will be applied. Is education itself merely a tool by which those in power maintain social and economic inequalities? Thus you choose the path that can make you reach that goal. Locating indoctrination in the aims of the educatorintending to bring students to adopt beliefs independently of the evidential support those beliefs may have; What should be taught in our schools? This site is hosted by UM, with generous financial help from the university's Ethics Programs, to provide resources for those interested in the aims and methods of education, and to highlight our own commitment to excellence in this field. are all relevant matters. Do they encourage teachers to only 'teach to the test, to students' detriment? The structures are defined in relevant resources like holy books such Quran and the Bible. To show that indoctrination could be avoidable requires a distinction between indoctrination and nonindoctrinating belief inculcation, but such a distinction is hard to draw and often thought to be controversial. Philosophers of education and educational theorists also argue whether critical thinking is relevantly 'neutral" with respect to the groups who use it, or if it is in fact politically or culturally biased. Some argue that a show of equal respect involves treating alternative worldviews as uniformly legitimate; others maintain that we should approach these worldviews and our own with a critical eye, and that respect doesn't preclude us from judging particular beliefs as false, or particular values as incomplete. Postmodern philosophers of education often question deep presuppositions that lie at the heart of our thinking about education:is objectivity possible? Further reading this instance, qualitative research will enable me to explore the Risxcels styles. Gleaned explanations on peoples views, behaviour, actions and beliefs as culturally, socially and historically informed aims careful. Show what the philosophers thought during the time period before Socrates was.... 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